Chaos
Strategic shot-making and the mental test of golf are the soul of the game. It is an unfortunate fact that an abundance of modern golf courses do not inspire us in the same way as many of the older layouts from the classic era. Our design philosophy advocates a return to the classic design techniques that were refined by the early masters such as Tillinghast, Ross, MacKenzie, Colt, Crump, MacDonald, and Raynor. Taking inspiration from the classical architects, the placement of hazards should force the golfer to think his way around the golf course with positive or negative results depending on the attempted shot's success. Each shot chosen has a specific consequence, some more subtle than others. Building upon this maxim, it is the responsibility of the architect to employ psychology to test the non-physical aspect of each golfer’s game. MacKenzie wrote, “It is an important thing in golf to make holes look much more difficult than they are.” Modern masters, such as Pete Dye, use psychological ploys to enhance the value of their designs. Even though many of Dye’s courses are known for flummoxing touring professionals, there is also substantial value in his designs for the weekend golfer due to the variety of shot values as well as the numerous potential outcomes that one encounters while playing one of his courses. As in life, the more potential outcomes and variety that one is presented with, the more interesting his life, and in the case of golf, the more interesting his round is judged to be. While many of Dye’s creations are renowned for their psychological value, the greatest architects from the classic period mastered this element of design approximately a half-century before Dye’s prime. Given that it is a rarity to find a modern course that matches the psychological impact of the work of the early masters, one would assume that there is little connection between the modern and classic periods. However, Dye’s work proved that parallels can and do exist between the eras. It can be said that this common thread is an expression of the mid-20th century scientific theorem, chaos theory. Chaos theory “attempts to describe and explain the highly complex behavior of apparently chaotic or unpredictable systems which show an underlying order.” While this theory was not fully developed until the mid-20th century, the early masters seem to have innately understood its essence. Tillinghast, Ross, Mackenzie, Colt, Crump, MacDonald, and Raynor, among others, created golf courses that utilize fundamental and time-tested design principles but were expressed across the wildly varying and seemingly incongruent landscapes of Baltusrol, Pinehurst, Augusta National, Cypress Point, Pine Valley, the National Golf Links, and Camargo Club. Each of these architects managed to build timeless golf courses that initially seem wholly different from one another but on closer inspection reveal that they are grounded in a set of fundamental truisms that permeate the greatest of golfing experiences. These architectural techniques are inherently wed to contouring, fairway and green, hazard placement, and psychological impact. The best golf courses utilize these features to test the golfer’s ability to work the ball around the golf course, encountering a new decision or strategic puzzle on each shot. This is the essence of the “underlying order” that is described in chaos theory. While all sites have varying degrees of beauty and natural characteristics that are suitable for golf, we intend to design and build artistically inspired golf courses in harmony with nature that provide options and strategic interest to the golfer and provoke thought, above all else.